第一章 单元测试

1、单选题：
What is the main reason why weather forecasting beyond 2-3 days is challenging?（ ）
选项：
A:Limited data availability
B:Lack of technology
C:Chaotic nature of weather variation
D:Global warming effects
答案: 【Chaotic nature of weather variation】

2、单选题：
In the context of climate, what does the term 'anthropogenic changes' refer to?（ ）
选项：
A:Changes induced by human activity
B:Atmospheric loading
C:Weather patterns
D:Natural climate variations
答案: 【Changes induced by human activity】

3、单选题：
What is the primary factor responsible for the increase in atmospheric loading of CO2?（ ）
选项：
A:Fossil fuel combustion
B:Changes in land use
C:Variation in solar radiation
D:Ozone depletion
答案: 【Fossil fuel combustion】

4、单选题：
How is the climate different from weather?（ ）
选项：
A:Climate is unpredictable, while weather is predictable.
B:Weather is the long-term average of climate.
C:Climate represents the average state over a longer period.
D:Climate and weather are synonymous.
答案: 【Climate represents the average state over a longer period.】

5、单选题：
What is the purpose of using numerical models in predicting climate change?（ ）
选项：
A:To incorporate essential physics and describe relevant processes
B:To simplify the climate system
C:To complicate the predictions
D:To eliminate uncertainties
答案: 【To incorporate essential physics and describe relevant processes】

6、单选题：
What is the term used for the approximation technique relating small-scale processes to the properties of grid-boxes in numerical models?（ ）
选项：
A:Ensembling
B:Parametrization
C:Simulation
D:Averaging
答案: 【Parametrization】

7、单选题：
How do probabilistic or ensemble climate forecasts address the limitations of individual models?（ ）
选项：
A:By reducing model complexity
B:By running models with varying inputs multiple times
C:By using only biased models
D:By eliminating biases
答案: 【By running models with varying inputs multiple times】

8、判断题：
Numerical models of the climate system perfectly represent the real world.（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【错】

9、判断题：
Parametrization in numerical models involves explicitly representing small-scale processes.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

10、判断题：
Ensemble climate forecasting helps reduce biases in individual models.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

第二章 单元测试

1、单选题：
What are the five main sections considered in the climate system?（ ）
选项：
A:The exosphere, lithosphere, ionosphere, mesosphere, and biosphere.
B:The lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, troposphere, and stratosphere.
C:The thermosphere, troposphere, asthenosphere, stratosphere, and cryosphere.
D:The atmosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere.
答案: 【The atmosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere.】

2、单选题：
What is the primary source of energy driving the climate system?（ ）
选项：
A:Nuclear fusion.
B:Solar radiation.
C:Wind power.
D:Geothermal energy.
答案: 【Solar radiation.】

3、单选题：
What is the term used for the clearing away of large areas of forest for agriculture or other purposes?（ ）
选项：
A:Deforestation.
B:Reforestation.
C:Urbanization.
D:Desertification.
答案: 【Deforestation.】

4、单选题：
Which component of the climate system is responsible for transporting large quantities of heat via its circulation patterns?（ ）
选项：
A:Atmosphere.
B:Biosphere.
C:Hydrosphere.
D:Cryosphere.
答案: 【Hydrosphere.】

5、单选题：
What is the primary reason for the rise in sea levels under climate change?（ ）
选项：
A:Thermal expansion of the ocean.
B:Reduced volcanic activity.
C:Enhanced cloud cover.
D:Decreased precipitation.
答案: 【Thermal expansion of the ocean.】

6、单选题：
Which wavelength of radiation is emitted by hotter objects, such as the sun?（ ）
选项：
A:Long wavelength.
B:Infrared radiation.
C:Short wavelength.
D:Microwave radiation.
答案: 【Short wavelength.】

7、单选题：
What region of the electromagnetic spectrum allows certain radiation to pass through the atmosphere directly into space?（ ）
选项：
A:Visible spectrum.
B:Ultraviolet spectrum.
C:Infrared spectrum.
D:Atmospheric window.
答案: 【Atmospheric window.】

8、判断题：
Deforestation leads to a decrease in the atmospheric carbon dioxide level.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

9、判断题：
As climate warms, the hydrological cycle is expected to become less vigorous.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

10、判断题：
High clouds tend to have a cooling effect on the climate.（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】