2024知到答案 遗传学（云南大学）（云南大学） 最新智慧树满分章节测试答案

第一章 单元测试

1、单选题：
Gregor Mendel’s contribution to genetics is (孟德尔对遗传学的贡献是)_____.（ ）
选项：
A:the discovery that traits are passed from parent to offspring in predictable ways (发现性状以可预测的方式从亲代传给子代)
B:the proposition that DNA carries the genetic information DNA(携带遗传信息的主张)
C:the description of natural selection and evolution (自然选择和进化的描述)
D:the discovery of chromosomes (染色体的发现)
答案: 【the discovery that traits are passed from parent to offspring in predictable ways (发现性状以可预测的方式从亲代传给子代)】

2、单选题：
Which statement best describes the “central dogma” of genetics?(哪个陈述最能说明遗传学的 "中心法则"？)（ ）
选项：
A:DNA is the only nucleic acid that can serve as genetic material.( DNA 是唯一能充当遗传物质的核酸)
B:There is sequential transfer of information, residue by residue, in biomolecules .(在生物分子中，信息是按残基顺序传递的)
C:DNA is transcribed into mRNA.(DNA 被转录成 mRNA)
D:RNA is frequently reverse transcribed to DNA.(RNA 经常反转录为 DNA)
答案: 【There is sequential transfer of information, residue by residue, in biomolecules .(在生物分子中，信息是按残基顺序传递的)】

3、单选题：
The chromosome theory of inheritance(遗传的染色体学说)_____.（ ）
选项：
A:states that genes for phenotypic traits are carried on chromosomes(表明携带表型性状的基因在染色体上)
B:Describes how chromosomes can be altered by mutation(描述了染色体如何通过突变改变)
C:does not apply to haploid organisms(不适用于单倍体的生物)
D:was proposed because the behavior of chromosomes in mitosis is similar to that of genes during gamete formation(提出的原因是染色体在有丝分裂过程中的行为与配子形成过程中基因的行为相似)
答案: 【states that genes for phenotypic traits are carried on chromosomes(表明携带表型性状的基因在染色体上)】

4、单选题：
Due to advances in biotechnology, all but which of the following has become commonplace?(随着生物技术的进步，除了下列哪一项已成为平常的事)（ ）
选项：
A:Addition of insect-resistance genes to crop plants(向农作物中添加抗虫基因)
B:Screening individuals for the presence of specific alleles(筛选个体是否存在特定的等位基因)
C:Cloning of human embryos(人类胚胎的克隆)
D:Creation of transgenic animals that produce human proteins(创造能产生人类蛋白质的转基因动物)
答案: 【Cloning of human embryos(人类胚胎的克隆)】

5、单选题：
In order to serve as a model organism, which of the following is not a necessary characteristic for a species to possess?(为了充当一种模式生物，下列哪一个特征不是一个物种必须具备的)（ ）
选项：
A:Easy growth and maintenance(易于生长和维护)
B:Short reproductive cycle and many offspring per female(繁殖周期短，后代多)
C:Close evolutionary relationship to humans(与人类有密切的进化关系)
D:Availability of mutant strains(突变菌株的可用性)
答案: 【Close evolutionary relationship to humans(与人类有密切的进化关系)】

第二章 单元测试

1、单选题：
A cell in the G0 stage (处于 G0 期的细胞)_____.（ ）
选项：
A:is in the process of dividing(正在分裂)
B:has just completed cell division(刚刚完成细胞分裂)
C:has withdrawn from the cell cycle(已退出细胞周期)
D:is replicating its DNA(正在复制 DNA)
答案: 【has withdrawn from the cell cycle(已退出细胞周期)】

2、单选题：
In mitosis, sister chromatids are separated during ______, while sisters are separated in ______ of meiosis.(在有丝分裂中，姐妹染色单体在 ______ 期间分离。而姐妹染色单体在减数分裂的 ______ 期间分离)（ ）
选项：
A:prophase; prophase I(前期；前期I)
B:anaphase; anaphase II(后期；后期 II)
C:metaphase; metaphase I(中期；中期 I)
D:anaphase; anaphase I(后期；后期 I)
答案: 【anaphase; anaphase II(后期；后期 II)】

3、单选题：
During meiosis I , _____.(在减数分裂 I 期间)（ ）
选项：
A:Dyads split to form monads(二分体分裂成单分体)
B:crossing over takes place(发生交换)
C:sister chromatids separate(姐妹染色单体分离)
D:an equational division takes place(发生均等分裂)
答案: 【crossing over takes place(发生交换)】

4、单选题：
Meiosis allows _____.(减数分裂)（ ）
选项：
A:the transmission of equivalent genetic information from generation to generation(一样的基因信息代代相传)
B:all of the rest(其余都是)
C:the generation of genetic variation among offspring and of new combinations of alleles on the same chromosome(在后代中产生遗传变异，在同一条染色体上产生新的等位基因组合)
D:the genetic contribution of two individual parents to each offspring (双亲对每个后代都有遗传贡献)
答案: 【all of the rest(其余都是)】

5、单选题：
A diploid somatic (“body”) cell has 2n=20 chromosomes. At the end of mitosis, each daughter cell would have ______ chromosomes. At the end of meiosis I, each daughter cell would have ______ chromosomes. At the end of meiosis II, each daughter cell would have ______ chromosomes. (一个二倍体体细胞（"个体"）有 2n=20 条染色体。有丝分裂结束时，每个子细胞有 ______ 条染色体。减数第一次分裂结束时，每个子细胞有 ______ 条染色体。减数第二次分裂结束时，每个子细胞有 ______ 条染色体)（ ）
选项：
A:2n=20, 2n=20, 1n=20
B:2n=20, 1n=10, 1n=10
C:1n=10, 1n=10, 1n=10
D:2n=20, 2n=20, 1n=10
答案: 【2n=20, 1n=10, 1n=10】

6、单选题：
In animals, a key difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that (在动物中，精子发生和卵子发生的一个主要区别是)_____.（ ）
选项：
A:spermatogenesis produces four sperm, whereas oogenesis produces only one egg cell(精子发生产生四个精子，而卵子发生只产生一个卵细胞)
B:only oogenesis involves meiosis(只有卵子发生涉及减数分裂)
C:only spermatogenesis involves meiosis(只有精子发生涉及减数分裂)
D:None of rest describes a difference between the two processes(其余都不能说明这两个过程的区别)
答案: 【spermatogenesis produces four sperm, whereas oogenesis produces only one egg cell(精子发生产生四个精子，而卵子发生只产生一个卵细胞)】